Biorefinery upgrading of herbaceous biomass to renewable hydrocarbon fuels, Part 2: Air pollutant emissions and permitting implications
نویسندگان
چکیده
The development of advanced biofuel production facilities is still at a nascent stage, and the biorefineries could face challenges in obtaining air permits required for their construction operation because they are novel emission sources. To fill gaps knowledge regarding potential emissions, we perform detailed federal regulatory analysis estimate pollutant emissions an biorefinery that produces renewable diesel blendstock (RDB) from lignocellulosic biomass via aerobic respiration documented Part 1 paper. We evaluate 12 design permutations include two feedstocks, uniform format blend (UFB) corn stover; three scales, 2,000, 5,200, 9,100 dry metric tons per day (dmtd) feed; lignin uses, as either boiler fuel or pellet production. also 6 additional by incorporating non-emitting power, which reduce up to 63% carbon monoxide (CO) nitrogen oxides (NOx) each, 21% volatile organic compounds (VOC), 43% hazardous pollutants (HAP) opposed on-site power production, produce pellets, using UFB stover. Our results indicate all 18 would be classified major source under Clean Air Act's New Source Review program without controls. Compared fuel, diverting reduces CO 88%, NOx 73%, sulfur dioxide (SO2) 99%, VOCs 72%, HAPs 66%. Additionally, explore control options further assess whether reductions enough achieve minor classification. Insights our can help developers regulators develop permitting strategies mitigate investment risks.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Cleaner Production
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['0959-6526', '1879-1786']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132409